Salur, Salyr or Salgur ( tr, Salır, tk, Salyr, fa, سالور) were an ancient Oghuz Turkic people and a sub-branch of the ''Üçok'' tribal federation. The

medieval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...

Karamanid The Karamanids ( tr, Karamanoğulları or ), also known as the Emirate of Karaman and Beylik of Karaman ( tr, Karamanoğulları Beyliği), was one of the Anatolian beyliks, centered in South-Central Anatolia around the present-day Karaman Pr ...

principality in

Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The ...

belonged to the Karaman branch of the Salur.Houtsma, M. Th. "''E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936''". Brill Publishers, 1987. ''pp.'
''119''''120''
/ref> The Salghurids of Fars (Atabegs of Fars), were a dynasty of Turkoman Salur origin. The patriarchs of the modern Turkmen tribe of Salyr in

Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the sout ...

Uzbekistan Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекистан), officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( uz, Ozbekiston Respublikasi, italic=yes / ; russian: Республика Узбекистан), is a doubly landlocked co ...

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordere ...

Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, the Persian Gulf and K ...

and

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

, as well as the Salar nationality in China claim descent from the Salur.

Etymology

Historian and statesman of the

Ilkhanate The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate ( fa, ایل خانان, ''Ilxānān''), known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (, ''Qulug-un Ulus''), was a khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanid realm ...

, Rashid al-Din Hamadani in his work '' Oghuzname'', which is part of his extensive history book Jami' al-tawarikh (Compendium of Chronicles), says that the name ''Salyr'' means “''wherever you go, you fight with a sword and a club''”, and in the book of the khan and historian of the Khanate of Khiva Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur, '' Shajara-i Tarākima'' (Genealogy of the Turkmens), the meaning of the tribe's name is given as “''armed with a saber''”.

History

According to various versions of the Oghuz-Turkic heroic epos ''Oghuzname'', the Salyr tribe played an important role in the Oghuz Yabgu State up to the middle of the 10th century until the beginning of the Seljuk movement, and many Khans of this State were from the Salyrs. Rashid al-Din Hamadani: Subsequently, the bulk of the Salyr tribe lived on the territory of

, a significant part of them in the 11th-12th centuries left along with other Oghuz-Turkmen tribes to the west; in

Asia Minor Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...

they established the

Salghurids The Salghurids ( fa, سلغُریان), also known as the Atabegs of Fars (), were a Persianate dynasty of Salur Turkmen origin that ruled Fars, first as vassals of the Seljuqs then for the Khwarazm Shahs in the 13th century. History Th ...

State centered in

in the 12th century, and supported other Turkmen beyliks in the reconstruction of

. The Salgurid Dynasty, which ruled in Fars in 1148-1282 and played an important role in the creation of the Sultanate of Rum, belonged to the Salyr tribe. Part of the tribe moved to

Crimea Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a pop ...

, and the Crimean river

Salgir The Salhyr or Salgir (Cyrillic: Салгир; ) is the longest river of the Crimean Peninsula. Its length is 204 km, and its drainage basin is 3,750 km². The average discharge of the water is 2 m³/s.В.А.Бушаков. Тюркская этноойконимия Крыма. Институт языкознания Академии наук СССР, Москва (1991).
In the 14th-16th centuries, the Salyr led the largest military-tribal association of five

Turkmen tribes The major modern Turkmen tribes are Teke, Yomut, Ersari, Chowdur, Gokleng and Saryk. The most numerous are the Teke. The origin of all of these tribes is traced to 24 ancient Oghuz tribes, among which the Salur tribe played a prominent role ...

: Salyr, Arsary, Tekke,

Yomud The Yomut or Yomud is a Turkmen tribe that lives in Western and Central Asia, including Gorgan, Iran; Turkmenbashi, Turkmenistan; the eastern Caspian shores; Khiva, Uzbekistan; and Dashoguz, Turkmenistan. The Yomut carpet is a type of rug ...

and

Saryk The Saryk () are a tribe of Turkmens in Turkmenistan. The Saryk mostly live in the valley of the Marghab River (the ancient Margiana). Etymology Suggestions for the etymology of ''Saryk'' (also ''Sarik, Saryq'') are the Middle Turkic ''saryγ'' ...

. This military alliance existed until the waters of the

Amu Darya The Amu Darya, tk, Amyderýa/ uz, Amudaryo// tg, Амударё, Amudaryo ps, , tr, Ceyhun / Amu Derya grc, Ὦξος, Ôxos (also called the Amu, Amo River and historically known by its Latin name or Greek ) is a major river in Central Asi ...

stopped flowing along Uzboy watercourse. The Salyrs of Khorasan were known in the southern Turkmenistan. In the 16th-19th centuries, the Salyr Turkmen tribe lived in

Mangyshlak Mangyshlak or Mangghyshlaq Peninsula ( kk, Маңғыстау түбегі, translit=Mañğystau tübegı; russian: Полуостров Мангышла́к, translit=Poluostrov Mangyshlák) is a large peninsula located in western Kazakhstan. It ...

peninsula and the area of Northern Balkan mountains of Turkmenistan, then in the

Khiva Khanate The Khanate of Khiva ( chg, ''Khivâ Khânligi'', fa, ''Khânât-e Khiveh'', uz, Xiva xonligi, tk, Hywa hanlygy) was a Central Asian polity that existed in the historical region of Khwarezm in Central Asia from 1511 to 1920, except for ...

, later in the middle reaches of the Amu Darya river, in the Murghab oasis and, finally, in

Serakhs Sarahs (, also written Saraghs, Serahs, Sarakhs, Saragt, or Serakhs, the last a backformation of russian: Серахс) is an oasis city in Ahal Province, Turkmenistan, and the administrative center of Sarahs district ( tk, Sarahs etraby). It is ...

- the last place of their final settlement in 1884. Salur Kazan, one of the heroes in Dede Korkut's epic tales, is also a Salurian. Some Salurs still live in the

Middle East The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Province), East Thrace (Europ ...

and

Central Asia Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...

Notes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Salur Salur tribe

Etymology

History

See also

Notes

References